By Juan Giglio
Nahuel Moreno
was, without a doubt, the most important leader of Argentine Trotskyism and one
of the most influential internationally, since he had the merit of installing
the ideas of Leon Trotsky within one of the most combative proletariats in the
world and, furthermore, he tried to intervene in the most advanced processes of
the class struggle in other countries, practicing a bold and dynamic
internationalism.
Moreno did not
propagandize reality - as many sects that claim to be Trotskyists do, making
nothing other than "revolutionary journalism" - since he always tried
to transform it, taking advantage of all opportunities, even the smallest ones,
with the purpose of converting the party national and international in a group
capable of influencing the mass movement.
Several working
class fighters were educated by "morenism", which inoculated them
with "antibodies" against the policies of class collaboration. In
this sense, his texts, such as "The betrayal of the OCI" -criticizing
the capitulation of the French Trotskyists to Mitterrand's social democracy- or
"Lora denies Trotskyism" -stripping the populist front strategy of
the Bolivian POR led by Félix Lora- are exceptionally valid.
In "The
Party and the Revolution" Moreno disussed with the leader of the Unified Secretariat
of the Fourth International, Ernst Mandel, anticipating a debate that today
crosses the ranks of Trotskyism, since a sector was won by the ideas -populist
front edge- of the Italian theorist Gramsci. These, like the Mandelists, do not
develop their program with an eye on the mass movement, but rather on their
vanguards, promoting wrong policies.
"Elementary
Political Concepts" is a simple but brilliant pamphlet, because it helps
revolutionary militants learn and use fundamental tools to face the challenges
of the class struggle. Something similar happens with “Problems of
Organization”, where Moreno brilliantly educates how to organize activism,
militancy and the party periphery, adapting the forms to the circumstances,
without being tied to any organizational dogma.
However, we
believe that Moreno was wrong to overestimate the post-war revolutions,
defining them as "socialist", because he did not alert that, although
they took a step expropriating the bourgeoisie -Cuba, China, Yugoslavia or
Vietnam- they ended up strengthening the most sinister counterrevolutionary
apparatus in history, the bureaucracy of the Communist Parties, which strangled
them from within and used to stop the worldwide workers' and popular's
revolutionary rise.
In this sense,
Moreno underestimated the absence of conscious revolutions, which can only grow
and become stronger when the working class assumes -through its democratic
organizations- the leadership of the new proletarian states, something that in
history could materialize in very small and limited moments in history, such as
the Paris Commune or the first years, perhaps months, of the October
Revolution. With this characterization, Moreno disoriented his followers, who
not by chance ended up building political fronts with Stalinism when this
apparatus was exploding internationally, due to the collapse of the Communist
Parties of Russia, China, and Eastern Europe.
This theoretical
mistake politically and methodologically disarmed the International Workers
League and its main party, the Movement for Socialism in Argentina, which split
giving rise to several tendencies, which were divided into two large blocks:
The dogmatic ones, which vindicate the founder of the current, but without
criticizing anything that he elaborated, like the MST and Izquierda Socialista.
On the other hand, there are those that revised Morenismo, such as the PTS,
which ended up adopting Gramsci's conceptions.
Hugo Mario
Bressano, the name that appears on Nahuel Moreno's birth certificate, left us
pillars on which we can and must rely to carry out revolutionary politics,
although the best way to practice "morenismo" is not to take it as a
dogma or a religion, but criticizing it. The program must be built like the
houses built by workers with their own hands, who take advantage of the solid
foundations left by their parents, but do not hesitate for a moment when they
have to throw down walls or other structures.
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